The main knee articulation transfers force between thigh and lower leg.
ZONE 4 · REGION 02
Knee
Knee menerima dan memindahkan load antara hip dan ankle. Student belajar assess flexion/extension, weight-bearing function dan load tolerance tanpa menganggap bunyi, alignment atau pain location sahaja sebagai diagnosis.
REGIONAL OUTCOMESUnderstand functional knee anatomyAssess squat, step & walking tasksProgress knee loading safelyRecognise acute knee concerns
PATELLAFEMUR · KNEE · TIBIA
A joint designed for movement under load.
The kneecap works with the quadriceps mechanism during knee extension.
Major ligaments contribute to joint stability; significant traumatic instability requires appropriate assessment.
These structures contribute to load distribution and force transfer, but simple symptom location does not identify a specific injured structure.
Flex, extend, accept load, produce force.
Knee flexes and extends while accepting repeated body-weight load.
Knee and hip coordinate to lower and raise the body.
Require force production and controlled lowering.
Higher-demand tasks add speed and multi-directional forces.
NOISE ≠ DAMAGE
Clicking atau crepitus boleh berlaku dengan atau tanpa symptoms. Jangan gunakan bunyi sahaja untuk claim cartilage rosak atau joint perlu “dibetulkan”. Assess pain behaviour, swelling, function and load tolerance.
Start simple, then add functional load.
INTERVIEWonset · trauma/twist · swelling · locking/giving way · function
→ACTIVE ROMflex · extend
→WEIGHT BEARsit-stand · squat
→FUNCTIONstep · walk · relevant task
→COMPARErange · load · control · symptom
OBJECTIVE LANGUAGE
“Knee bunyi sebab cartilage dah haus.”
Better: “Knee flexion is comfortable unloaded, but repeated step-down reproduces the familiar symptom and shows reduced load tolerance compared with the other side.”
Example objective: improve step-down tolerance.
Comfortable knee/hip/ankle movement and appropriate starting range.
Address relevant range limitation without forcing painful end range.
Progress quadriceps and whole-limb loading through tolerable ranges.
Build toward squat, step, stairs, walking/running or work/sport demands.
SIT–STAND→SQUAT→STEP→MORE LOAD→REAL TASK
Repeat the original knee task.
Range, repetitions, control, confidence and symptom response.
Better, same or worse? Adjust range, load or volume from the response.
Defer routine treatment and seek appropriate assessment after major trauma or deformity, inability to bear weight, rapidly developing large swelling, a truly locked knee after injury, significant instability after trauma, marked redness/heat with systemic illness, concerning calf/leg swelling or circulation changes, progressive neurological change, or other emergency-pattern presentation.