Multiple small carpal bones connect forearm to hand and contribute to wrist motion and load transfer.
ZONE 1 · REGION 06Wrist, Hand
Wrist, Hand
& Fingers
Hand function menggabungkan mobility, sensation, grip, dexterity dan load tolerance. Assessment perlu bermula dengan task client — memegang, menaip, membuka penutup, mengangkat atau kerja precision — kemudian pilih intervention yang relevan.
REGIONAL OUTCOMESOrient wrist & hand structuresAssess movement, grip & dexterityProgress load toward functionRecognise neurovascular red flags
WRISTMOBILITY · GRIP · DEXTERITY
Small structures. High functional demand.
Form the palm and digits, supporting grip, pinch and dexterity.
Forearm and intrinsic hand muscles coordinate finger/wrist force and control.
Sensation and motor control are essential to hand function; neurological or vascular changes require careful screening.
Assess the movement that supports the task.
Positions the hand for gripping, pushing and tool use.
Side-to-side wrist movement contributes to many tool and daily tasks.
Open, close, oppose and coordinate for grip and pinch.
Fine control for buttons, writing, phone use and precision work.
Pain, stiffness, weakness, tingling/numbness, swelling or loss of dexterity need different follow-up questions. Jangan anggap semua hand symptoms ialah “urat tegang”.
Movement + sensation + task.
INTERVIEWtrauma · repetitive load · numbness/tingling · swelling · function
→MOVEwrist · fingers · thumb
→FUNCTIONgrip · pinch · dexterity
→COMPAREquality · tolerance · side
→SCREENneurovascular / trauma concerns?
DON'T CHASE TINGLING
Numbness atau tingling bukan signal untuk tekan lebih kuat pada kawasan saraf. Clarify distribution, onset, weakness/function and safety; refer when presentation is significant, progressive or outside scope.
Example objective: improve comfortable grip for a daily task.
Supported wrist/hand position and gentle active movement.
Controlled wrist, finger or thumb movement relevant to the limitation.
Appropriate conservative external input within training; avoid aggressive pressure over irritated neural/tendon structures.
Progress grip, pinch, resistance or precision task according to objective and response.
MOVE→GRIP / PINCH→LIGHT RESISTANCE→REAL TASK
Retest the actual hand function.
Movement, tolerance, confidence and symptom response.
Better, same or worse? Progress only when response supports it.
Relevant comfortable wrist/hand movement.
Manageable grip/pinch/loading dose.
Gradual exposure to the actual activity.
Watch for progressive sensory, motor or circulation changes.
Seek appropriate assessment for major trauma/deformity, suspected fracture/dislocation, severe or rapidly increasing swelling, open injury, signs of infection, new significant weakness or loss of hand function, progressive numbness/sensory loss, concerning colour/temperature or circulation change, severe unexplained pain, or symptoms outside practitioner scope. Acute loss of circulation or major neurological function requires urgent medical assessment.
Client reports gradual hand fatigue during prolonged tool use. No trauma, sensory loss or red flags. Grip is comfortable at low demand but control declines with repeated higher-load use.
Upper Body reasoning is now connected.
Head/Jaw → Neck → Shoulder/Scapula → Upper Back/Chest → Arm/Elbow/Forearm → Wrist/Hand/Fingers. Student should now be able to screen, assess, define an objective, select an intervention and reassess across the upper-body chain.
Continue to Zone 2 — Core & Spine →